Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: Why does it occur and how to manage it?

Fatigue is one of the most common and debilitating symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), but why does it happen and what can be done about it? If you’re looking for answers, this article will help you better understand MS-related fatigue and how to manage it to improve your quality of life.

What is fatigue in multiple sclerosis?

Fatigue in multiple sclerosis is not simply feeling tired after a long day. It is a constant, extreme feeling of exhaustion that does not go away with rest. It affects most people with multiple sclerosis and can significantly interfere with daily activities, from working to enjoying leisure time.

Why does fatigue occur in multiple sclerosis?

The exact cause of fatigue in multiple sclerosis is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to several factors, both physical and psychological:

1. Myelin loss: multiple sclerosis damages myelin, a substance that covers nerve fibers. This loss of myelin disrupts signals between the brain and the rest of the body, which can cause muscles and organs to not work efficiently. The body has to work extra hard to perform everyday tasks, which can lead to fatigue.
2. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation that occurs in multiple sclerosis can affect the brain and other body systems. This contributes to a general feeling of tiredness and weakness.
3. Central nervous system disruptions: Damage to neurons can disrupt how the body regulates sleep and energy. People with multiple sclerosis may experience sleep disturbances, which worsens fatigue.
4. Medication side effects: Some multiple sclerosis treatments can have side effects that cause or worsen fatigue. Although medications help control other symptoms, they can sometimes make you feel more tired.

How does fatigue manifest itself?

Fatigue in multiple sclerosis can vary from person to person. However, some common symptoms include:

• Extreme and persistent fatigue: Despite sleeping or resting, fatigue is still present.
• Difficulty concentrating: Fatigue can affect your memory and ability to concentrate, making everyday tasks like reading, writing, or making decisions more difficult.
• Reduced physical energy: Physical activities, even simple ones, can be tiring. Climbing stairs or walking long distances may be more difficult than usual.
• Feeling mentally “blacked out”: You may experience times when your brain feels “off,” resulting in a feeling of confusion or lack of mental clarity.

Practical tips for managing fatigue in multiple sclerosis

Although fatigue in multiple sclerosis can be challenging, there are several strategies that can help manage it and improve quality of life. Here are some practical tips:

1. Establish a rest routine

It is important to establish a regular rest routine. People with multiple sclerosis can benefit from short breaks throughout the day , even if they are not sleepy. These breaks help prevent energy overload and allow the body to recover before continuing with other activities.

2. Prioritize your activities

When you feel exhausted, you can’t get everything done that you normally would. Plan your day and prioritize the most important tasks. Try to complete the most demanding activities when you have the most energy, and save the less demanding ones for later. Organizing tasks according to your energy level during the day can help prevent burnout.

3. Maintain a balanced diet

A proper diet can be key to maintaining your energy levels. Nutrient-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains , can help fight fatigue. Avoiding excess sugars and refined carbohydrates can prevent energy spikes followed by rapid crashes that worsen fatigue.

4. Do moderate exercise

Although it may seem like exercise will only increase fatigue, in fact, moderate, regular exercise can increase energy in the long run. Activities like walking, swimming, or yoga can help improve circulation, strengthen muscles, and increase stamina. Be sure to start slowly and always listen to your body to avoid overexertion.

5. Maintain a regular sleep schedule

Adequate sleep is critical to restoring energy. Multiple sclerosis can interfere with sleep , so establishing a regular bedtime and wake-up time is important. Create a comfortable, calm sleeping environment by avoiding distractions such as electronic screens before bed.

6. Control stress

Stress can aggravate fatigue, so it’s essential to manage it effectively. Relaxation techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, or even aromatherapy can be helpful. If necessary, seek professional help to learn how to reduce stress in a healthy way.

7. Stay well hydrated

Dehydration can contribute to fatigue, so it’s important to make sure you drink enough water throughout the day. Avoid excessively caffeinated drinks, as although they may give a temporary boost, they can lead to more fatigue later on.

8. Consider the help of a physical therapist

Physical therapy treatment can be helpful in improving mobility and reducing fatigue. A physical therapist can design a personalized exercise plan that suits your needs and abilities. This not only improves physical strength, but also overall energy.

Fatigue in multiple sclerosis is a complex and challenging symptom, but with the right strategies, it can be managed and quality of life improved. By adopting healthy habits, establishing a rest routine, and prioritizing the most important activities, people with multiple sclerosis can feel more in control and enjoy their daily lives with greater energy. If fatigue persists or worsens, it is advisable to consult with a health care professional to explore additional treatments or adjustments to the treatment plan.

Remember that at RehabOT we are here to offer you the support you need to manage your multiple sclerosis and improve your well-being. Don’t hesitate to contact us for more information!