Ischemic stroke vs. Hemorrhagic stroke

When you hear the word “ stroke ,” it can sound scary and confusing. However, understanding its two main types—ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke—is key to recognizing the symptoms and taking action quickly. Both affect the brain in serious ways, but their origin and treatment are very different. What sets one apart from the other? Read on to find out.

Key differences between ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke

Ischemic stroke: the most common

Ischemic stroke accounts for about 87% of all stroke cases. It occurs when a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain becomes blocked, usually by a clot. This blockage can be caused by:

1. Cerebral thrombosis: A clot forms directly in one of the blood vessels of the brain.
2. Cerebral embolism: A clot or particle, such as fat or air, travels from another part of the body and becomes trapped in a blood vessel in the brain.

Risk factors include:

• Hypertension
• High cholesterol
• Diabetes
• Smoking

Hemorrhagic stroke: less common, but more serious

Hemorrhagic stroke, on the other hand, occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, causing internal bleeding. Not only does this disrupt normal blood flow, but the buildup of blood can press on brain tissue, damaging it.

The most common causes are:

• Extremely high blood pressure (uncontrolled hypertension).
• Brain aneurysms.
• Head trauma.
• Arteriovenous malformations.

Although less common, this type of stroke is usually more lethal and difficult to treat.

Stroke symptoms: How to recognize them quickly?

Knowing how to identify the symptoms of a stroke, regardless of the type, can save lives. Both share similar signs due to the damage they cause to the brain, but there are also subtle differences.

Common symptoms in both types of stroke

Use the acronym FAST to remember the main symptoms:

• F (Face): sudden drooping of one side of the face.
• A (Arms / Brazos): weakness or inability to lift one or both arms.
• S (Speech): difficulty speaking or understanding words.
• T (Time): Act quickly and call emergency services if you notice these symptoms.

Differences in symptoms

• In ischemic stroke, symptoms usually appear gradually, especially if the blockage is partial.
• In hemorrhagic stroke, symptoms tend to be more dramatic and sudden, often accompanied by a severe headache, nausea or loss of consciousness.

Diagnosis and treatment

How a stroke is diagnosed

When someone comes to the emergency room with stroke symptoms, doctors perform imaging tests, such as a computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to determine whether the stroke is ischemic or hemorrhagic. This step is vital, as the treatment is completely different.

Treatment of ischemic stroke

• Thrombolytic drugs: These dissolve the clot, but must be administered within the first few hours.
• Thrombectomy: A procedure to remove the clot using a catheter.

Treatment of hemorrhagic stroke

• Controlling bleeding and intracranial pressure is the priority. This may include surgery to repair damaged vessels.
• In some cases, medications are used to lower blood pressure or prevent further bleeding.

Stroke prevention: What can you do today?

Although not all risk factors are controllable, such as genetics or age, you can take steps to reduce your risk of stroke:

1. Maintain healthy blood pressure.
2. Follow a balanced diet, rich in fruits and vegetables and low in saturated fats.
3. Avoid tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption.
4. Exercise regularly.
5. Consult your doctor if you have a family history of cardiovascular disease.

Final reflection: What can you do if you suspect a stroke?

Now that you know the differences between an ischemic stroke and a hemorrhagic stroke, the most important thing is to act quickly. If you or someone close to you is experiencing symptoms, don’t wait for them to go away. Call emergency services immediately. Every second counts when it comes to saving lives and reducing brain damage.

At Rehabot, our neurological rehabilitation clinic in Malaga , we are committed to the recovery of patients who have suffered a stroke. From physical therapies to emotional support, we offer a comprehensive approach to help you regain quality of life. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us!