People who have suffered a spinal cord injury face significant health challenges, and many are unaware of the hidden risks that may occur during the recovery process.
Complications, such as pressure ulcers (PUs) or urinary tract infections, can threaten the quality of life and even endanger the health of a person with a spinal cord injury . In this article, you will learn effective strategies to prevent these complications and improve overall well-being at every step of recovery.
A spinal cord injury occurs when the spinal cord is severely damaged, preventing or limiting communication between the brain and the rest of the body. This type of injury can be caused by accidents, illnesses, or trauma, and depending on its severity, it can lead to partial or complete loss of mobility and sensitivity below the affected area.
People with spinal cord injuries often face significant challenges in their daily lives, and while rehabilitation therapies are essential to improve mobility, it is also essential to prevent complications that may arise.
Main Complications in Spinal Cord Injuries
Complications in people with spinal cord injuries often involve immobility, changes in circulation, and difficulties with bowel control. Here we explore the most common complications:
Pressure Ulcers (PU)
Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, are injuries to the skin and underlying tissues that occur from maintaining a fixed position for long periods. These wounds can be serious if left untreated, affecting bones and muscles.
Urinary Tract Infections
Many people with spinal cord injuries require catheters to empty their bladder, which increases the risk of urinary tract infections. These infections can become dangerous if not properly prevented.
Respiratory Problems
Depending on the level of injury, some people may have difficulty breathing or coughing effectively, increasing the risk of respiratory infections.
Muscle Spasms and Chronic Pain
Muscle spasms and pain are common in people with spinal cord injuries. These complaints can make mobility difficult and affect quality of life.
How to Prevent Pressure Ulcers (PU)
Preventing pressure ulcers is a priority, as they not only cause pain, but can also become complicated if they become infected. Here are some practical tips:
1. Change Positions Regularly
One of the most effective strategies for preventing ulcers is to change position every 2 hours, especially if the person is in a wheelchair or bed. This relieves pressure on the most prone areas, such as the buttocks, hips and heels.
2. Use Specialized Pads
There are cushions and mattresses designed to distribute weight and reduce pressure in critical areas. These accessories are very useful for people in wheelchairs or bedridden for long periods.
3. Keep Skin Clean and Hydrated
Dry or dirty skin is more vulnerable to injury. It is advisable to keep the skin clean and moisturized and check daily for redness or tender spots.
Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections
To reduce the risk of urinary tract infections, there are preventive practices that can make a big difference in the health of people with spinal cord injuries.
1. Maintain Correct Hygiene When Using the Probe
If a catheter is used, it is crucial that both the affected person and their caregivers maintain consistent and proper cleanliness throughout the process. This includes thorough handwashing and disinfecting the equipment.
2. Ensure Adequate Hydration
Drinking enough water helps dilute urine and reduce the risk of infections. Proper hydration also promotes better functioning of the urinary system.
3. Carry out regular medical check-ups
Regular medical checkups are essential to detect early infections. A doctor can recommend adjustments in care and perform tests to confirm that there are no signs of infection.
Reduce the Risk of Respiratory Problems
People with spinal cord injuries high in the spinal cord may have difficulty coughing or breathing normally, which increases the risk of lung infections.
1. Breathing Practices and Coughing Exercises
It is advisable to perform deep breathing exercises and assisted coughing techniques. These exercises help to clear the airways and reduce the risk of infections.
2. Avoid Exposure to Sick People
Keeping your immune system as strong as possible is key. If someone close to you has cold or flu symptoms, it is best to avoid contact to prevent contagion.
3. Maintain Good Hydration
Adequate fluid intake helps secretions stay fluid and can be expelled more easily.
Strategies to Reduce Muscle Spasms and Pain
Spasms and chronic pain are common complications in people with spinal cord injuries. However, there are measures that can help alleviate these symptoms.
1. Regular Physiotherapy
Exercises and stretches performed by physical therapists can reduce the frequency and intensity of spasms. Physical therapy also improves mobility and circulation, contributing to overall well-being.
2. Application of Heat or Cold
For spasms, applying hot or cold compresses to the affected areas can be very helpful. Cold helps reduce inflammation, while heat relieves muscle tension.
3. Consult a Specialist Doctor
In some cases, chronic pain may require pharmacological treatment. Consulting a pain management specialist can offer appropriate alternatives for each situation.
The Importance of Constant Medical Supervision
Preventing complications from a spinal cord injury requires not only daily care, but also a supportive medical team. Constant monitoring helps identify any problems early and adapt care strategies to the patient’s changing needs.
At our Neurological Rehabilitation Clinic in Malaga, Rehabot , we are committed to the health and quality of life of our patients, offering personalized prevention and treatment plans for each case. We understand that each patient is unique, and we work together to provide the best possible care.
Conclusion
Spinal cord injuries pose significant challenges, but with the right approach and well-implemented preventative measures, many of the complications that can arise in the recovery process can be avoided. From preventing pressure ulcers and proper urinary catheter management to breathing exercises and physical therapy, every step counts to improve quality of life.
The key is constant attention and adopting good care habits.
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