Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis

Imagine waking up one day and feeling tingling in your hands, extreme fatigue, or even difficulty moving. It could be temporary… or the beginning of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) , a disease that affects the central nervous system and can change the life of those who suffer from it.

But here’s the good news: advances in medicine have brought new forms of treatment that help control symptoms and improve patients’ quality of life. In this article, we’ll explore the latest options for treating multiple sclerosis and what you can do to best manage the disease.

What is Multiple Sclerosis and why does it occur?

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks myelin , the protective sheath that covers nerve fibers. This causes inflammation and damage to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), affecting communication between the brain and the rest of the body.

Main symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis

Symptoms vary from person to person, but some of the most common include:

• Extreme fatigue
• Vision problems (blurred or double vision)
• Weakness or lack of coordination in the muscles
• Tingling or numbness sensation
• Speech and memory difficulties

Although MS has no cure, there are several treatments that can slow its progression and improve symptoms .

Current treatments for Multiple Sclerosis

1. Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs)

These medications help reduce the frequency and severity of MS flares and slow disease progression. Some of the most commonly used options include:

• Beta interferons (Avonex, Rebif, Betaseron): Decrease inflammation and reduce the number of outbreaks.
• Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone): Protects myelin and prevents the immune system from attacking it.
• Oral therapies such as Fingolimod (Gilenya), Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera), and Teriflunomide (Aubagio).
• Monoclonal antibodies such as Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus) and Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada), which act on specific immune cells to slow disease progression.

2. Symptomatic therapies

They don’t cure MS, but they help control symptoms and improve quality of life. Some of these options include:

• Fatigue medications , such as modafinil.
• Muscle relaxants , to relieve spasticity and cramps.
• Therapies to improve memory and concentration .

3. Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation

A key focus in MS treatment is physical and occupational rehabilitation . At RehabOT Málaga , we know how important it is to maintain mobility and independence. Therefore, our physical therapy programs include:

• Customized exercises to strengthen muscles.
• Occupational therapy to facilitate daily activities.
• Postural re-education techniques to improve balance.

Recent advances in Multiple Sclerosis research

Science is advancing by leaps and bounds, and multiple sclerosis is no exception. Here are some of the most promising innovations in its treatment:

1. Stem cell therapies

Stem cells have the potential to repair damaged myelin. Clinical trials have shown that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can halt disease progression in some cases. Although still experimental, it offers hope for the future.

2. New drugs in development

• Ofatumumab (Kesimpta) : A recently approved new monoclonal antibody that acts directly on B lymphocytes, reducing autoimmune activity.
• Evobrutinib : A Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor that is in clinical trials and may offer a more effective oral option.

3. Neuroprotective therapies

Researchers are working on drugs that protect neurons and promote myelin regeneration . Although these are still being studied, they could change the approach to treatment in the future.

Lifestyle and complementary care

In addition to medical treatments, lifestyle plays a key role in managing MS. Some strategies that may help include:

• Moderate exercise , such as yoga or swimming, to improve mobility.
• Balanced diet , rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants.
• Relaxation techniques , such as meditation and deep breathing, to reduce stress.

Multiple sclerosis is a challenge, but advances in research and current treatments allow patients to live more fulfilling lives. Every person is different , so it’s key to work with a team of professionals who can design a personalized treatment plan.

At RehabOT Málaga , we are committed to improving the quality of life of people with Multiple Sclerosis. If you need support or more information about our rehabilitation therapies , contact us!